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  1. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, The European Physical Journal A)
    Abstract We report on a measurement of elastic electron scattering on argon performed with a novel cryogenic gas-jet target at the Mainz Microtron accelerator MAMI. The luminosity is estimated with the thermodynamical parameters of the target and by comparison to a calculation in distorted-wave Born approximation. The cross section, measured at new momentum transfers of 1.24 $$\hbox {fm}^{-1}$$ fm - 1 and 1.55 $$\hbox {fm}^{-1}$$ fm - 1 is in agreement with previous experiments performed with a traditional high-pressure gas target, as well as with modernab-initiocalculations employing state-of-the-art nuclear forces from chiral effective field theory. The nearly background-free measurement highlights the optimal properties of the gas-jet target for elements heavier than hydrogen, enabling new applications in hadron and nuclear physics. 
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  2. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, The European Physical Journal A)
    Abstract We propose a new measurement of the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic scattering at DESY. The purpose is to determine the contributions beyond single-photon exchange, which are essential for the Quantum Electrodynamic (QED) description of the most fundamental process in hadronic physics. By utilizing a 20 cm long liquid hydrogen target in conjunction with the extracted beam from the DESY synchrotron, we can achieve an average luminosity of$$2.12\times 10^{35}$$ 2.12 × 10 35  cm$$^{-2}\cdot $$ - 2 · s$$^{-1}$$ - 1  ($$\approx 200$$ ≈ 200 times the luminosity achieved by OLYMPUS). The proposed two-photon exchange experiment (TPEX) entails a commissioning run at a beam energy of 2 GeV, followed by measurements at 3 GeV, thereby providing new data up to$$Q^2=4.6$$ Q 2 = 4.6  (GeV/c)$$^2$$ 2 (twice the range of current measurements). We present and discuss the proposed experimental setup, run plan, and expectations. 
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